spring MVC基础: 建立一个app应用 (create a spring MVC step by step) for tomcat 7
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( 原文参考： Spring MVC step by step )
1. 先建立好文件夹，格式如下：
1. src: 保存所有的 java 文件 2. war: web相关的文件，以及用于生成部署的文件
2. 在 war 目录下 建立jsp文件
<html>
<body>
<h1>Example - Spring Application</h1>
<p>This is my test.</p>
</body>
</html>
3. 建立 WEB-INF/web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>
index.jsp
</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
4. 建立 build.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project name="springapp" basedir="." default="usage">
<property file="build.properties"/>
<property name="src.dir" value="src"/>
<property name="web.dir" value="war"/>
<property name="build.dir" value="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
<property name="name" value="springapp"/>
<path id="master-classpath">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/lib">
<include name="*.jar"/>
</fileset>
<!-- We need the servlet API classes: -->
<!-- * for Tomcat 5/6 use servlet-api.jar -->
<!-- * for other app servers - check the docs -->
<fileset dir="${appserver.lib}">
<include name="servlet*.jar"/>
</fileset>
<pathelement path="${build.dir}"/>
</path>
<target name="usage">
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="${name} build file"/>
<echo message="-----------------------------------"/>
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="Available targets are:"/>
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="build --> Build the application"/>
<echo message="deploy --> Deploy application as directory"/>
<echo message="deploywar --> Deploy application as a WAR file"/>
<echo message="install --> Install application in Tomcat"/>
<echo message="reload --> Reload application in Tomcat"/>
<echo message="start --> Start Tomcat application"/>
<echo message="stop --> Stop Tomcat application"/>
<echo message="list --> List Tomcat applications"/>
<echo message=""/>
</target>
<target name="build" description="Compile main source tree java files">
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
<javac destdir="${build.dir}" source="1.5" target="1.5" debug="true"
deprecation="false" optimize="false" failonerror="true"
includeantruntime="false">
<src path="${src.dir}"/>
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="deploy" depends="build" description="Deploy application">
<copy todir="${deploy.path}/${name}" preservelastmodified="true">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}">
<include name="**/*.*"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>
<target name="deploywar" depends="build" description="Deploy application as a WAR file">
<war destfile="${name}.war"
webxml="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}">
<include name="**/*.*"/>
</fileset>
</war>
<copy todir="${deploy.path}" preservelastmodified="true">
<fileset dir=".">
<include name="*.war"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>
<!-- ============================================================== -->
<!-- Tomcat tasks - remove these if you don't have Tomcat installed -->
<!-- ============================================================== -->
<path id="catalina-ant-classpath">
<!-- We need the Catalina jars for Tomcat -->
<!-- * for other app servers - check the docs -->
<fileset dir="${appserver.lib}">
<include name="catalina-ant.jar"/>
</fileset>
</path>
<taskdef name="install" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="reload" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="list" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="start" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="stop" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<target name="install" description="Install application in Tomcat">
<install url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"
war="${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="reload" description="Reload application in Tomcat">
<reload url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="start" description="Start Tomcat application">
<start url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="stop" description="Stop Tomcat application">
<stop url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="list" description="List Tomcat applications">
<list url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"/>
</target>
<!-- End Tomcat tasks -->
</project>
5. 建立 build.properties
# Ant properties for building the springapp
appserver.home=${user.home}/apache-tomcat-7
# for Tomcat 5 use $appserver.home}/server/lib
# for Tomcat 6 use $appserver.home}/lib
appserver.lib=${appserver.home}/lib
deploy.path=${appserver.home}/webapps
# this url is very important to tomcat7: '/text', otherwise it won't work.
tomcat.manager.url=http://localhost:8080/manager/text
tomcat.manager.username=admin
tomcat.manager.password=admin
6. 修改tomcat 配置文件（manager的用户）
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <tomcat-users> <role rolename="manager-gui"/> <role rolename="manager-script"/> <user username="admin" password="admin" roles="manager-gui,manager-script"/> </tomcat-users>
7. 修改 build.xml ，如果你使用tomcat7的话：
<taskdef name="install" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.DeployTask">
8. 运行 $ ant ， $ant deploy, $ant list
9. open: http://localhost:8080/springapp
10. 修改web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>
index.jsp
</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
12. 建立 WEB-INF/springapp-servlet.xml， 注意，这个文件的名字是由上面的 <servlet-name> 中的值决定的。也是一个命名优先规则。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<!-- the application context definition for the springapp DispatcherServlet -->
<bean name="/hello.htm" class="springapp.web.HelloController"/>
</beans>
13. 把需要用到的lib 文件复制到 WEB-INF/lib下。我把所有的jar文件都复制过来了。。。记得还要有commons-logging.jar, junit-4.10.jar
14. 建立一个controller
package springapp.web;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
logger.info("Returning hello view");
return new ModelAndView("hello.jsp");
}
}
15. 建立一个 测试文件： 'springapp/test/springapp/web/HelloControllerTests.java':
package springapp.web;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import springapp.web.HelloController;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class HelloControllerTests extends TestCase {
public void testHandleRequestView() throws Exception{
HelloController controller = new HelloController();
ModelAndView modelAndView = controller.handleRequest(null, null);
assertEquals("hello.jsp", modelAndView.getViewName());
}
}
16. 编辑 build.xml，加入 两个任务：
<property name="test.dir" value="test"/>
<target name="buildtests" description="Compile test tree java files">
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
<javac destdir="${build.dir}" source="1.5" target="1.5" debug="true"
deprecation="false" optimize="false" failonerror="true"
includeantruntime="false">
<src path="${test.dir}"/>
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="tests" depends="build, buildtests" description="Run tests">
<junit printsummary="on"
fork="false"
haltonfailure="false"
failureproperty="tests.failed"
showoutput="true">
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
<formatter type="brief" usefile="false"/>
<batchtest>
<fileset dir="${build.dir}">
<include name="**/*Tests.*"/>
</fileset>
</batchtest>
</junit>
<fail if="tests.failed">
tests.failed=${tests.failed}
***********************************************************
***********************************************************
**** One or more tests failed! Check the output ... ****
***********************************************************
***********************************************************
</fail>
</target>
17. 运行ant tests 命令。
sg552@siwei-moto:~/workspace/new_dashboard_portal$ ant tests
Buildfile: /home/sg552/workspace/new_dashboard_portal/build.xml
build:
buildtests:
[javac] Compiling 1 source file to /home/sg552/workspace/new_dashboard_portal/war/WEB-INF/classes
tests:
[junit] Running HelloControllerTests
[junit] Testsuite: HelloControllerTests
[junit] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 0.012 sec
[junit] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 0.012 sec
[junit]
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 1 second
18. 建立 hello.jsp ('springapp/war/hello.jsp')
<html>
<head><title>Hello :: Spring Application</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Hello - Spring Application</h1>
<p>Greetings.</p>
</body>
</html>
19 . 编译，部署
$ ant deploy reload
20 查看 http://localhost:8080/springapp/hello.htm 结果
