blockchain - !!! 重点内容. 在infura上使用编码coding的方式,创建和部署contract coding to deploy contract infura web3 ether
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refer to: https://docs.infura.io/infura/tutorials/ethereum/deploy-a-contract-using-web3.js#2.-create-a-project-directory
1. 创建一个项目文件夹,例如
/workspace/blockchain/contract_on_goerli_using_infura
2. npm install web3 solc dotenv
这样当前目录下会出现 package.json 文件,内容如下
{ "dependencies": { "dotenv": "^16.0.1", "solc": "^0.8.14-fixed", "web3": "^1.7.3" } }
3. 创建一个 contract, 内容如下: Demo.sol
pragma solidity >= 0.5.8; contract Demo { event Echo (string message); function echo(string calldata message) external { emit Echo(message); } }
4. 准备编译, 编译的话,手动操作很复杂很麻烦, 所以我们直接写一个脚本: compile.js
注意:这里使用该文件的原因,是solc会生成太多麻烦的内容(json的节点很复杂)所以我们用编程的方式,只截取其中有用的部分,然后放到一个新的json文件中即可。
const fs = require('fs').promises; const solc = require('solc'); // 这个方法需要修改, 入口文件名称 Demo.sol 和 生成的文件名称 Demo.json async function main(){ const sourceCode = await fs.readFile('Demo.sol', 'utf8'); const {abi, bytecode} = compile(sourceCode, 'Demo'); const artifact = JSON.stringify({ abi, bytecode}, null, 2); await fs.writeFile('Demo.json', artifact); } // 这个方法不用改。拿过来用就好了 function compile(sourceCode, contractName){ const input = { language: 'Solidity', sources: { main: { content: sourceCode} }, settings: { outputSelection: { '*': { '*': ['abi', 'evm.bytecode'] } }, }, } const output = solc.compile(JSON.stringify(input)); const artifact = JSON.parse(output).contracts.main[contractName]; return { abi: artifact.abi, bytecode: artifact.evm.bytecode.object }; } main().then( () => process.exit(0) )
5. 运行 node compile.js 就可以编译了。得到 Demo.json ,内容如下:
(可以看到,获得的是 abi 和 bytecode ,真正deploy的时候,用这个bytecode就足够了)
$ cat Demo.json { "abi": [ { "anonymous": false, "inputs": [ { "indexed": false, "internalType": "string", "name": "message", "type": "string" } ], "name": "Echo", "type": "event" }, { "inputs": [ { "internalType": "string", "name": "message", "type": "string" } ], "name": "echo", "outputs": [], "stateMutability": "nonpayable", "type": "function" } ], "bytecode": "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" }
6. 发布. 这里写一个发布脚本 deploy.js 内容如下:
const Web3 = require('web3'); const fs = require('fs') const {abi, bytecode} = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('Demo.json')) async function main(){ // step1. 初始化web3 , 根据某个rpc server endpoint const network = process.env.ETHEREUM_NETWORK const web3 = new Web3( new Web3.providers.HttpProvider( `https://${network}.infura.io/v3/${process.env.INFURA_PROJECT_ID}` ) ) // step2. 创建签名用的东东 const signer = web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount( process.env.SIGNER_PRIVATE_KEY ) web3.eth.accounts.wallet.add(signer) // step3. 初始化contract const contract = new web3.eth.Contract(abi) contract.options.data = bytecode // step4. 发布该 contract const deployTx = contract.deploy() const deployedContract = await deployTx .send({ from: signer.address, // 这里用到了signer的address gas: await deployTx.estimateGas() }) .once('transactionHash', (txhash) => { console.log("Mining deployment transaction ... ", txhash) console.log(`https://${network}.etherscan.io/tx/${txhash}`) }) } require('dotenv').config() main()
7. 运行该脚本,内容如下:
$ node deploy.js Mining deployment transaction ... 0x2afbc8b3dc020a3bd562a4a7eb8ced66bb08e9a5489baad902516de39b0a2aaa https://goerli.etherscan.io/tx/0x2afbc8b3dc020a3bd562a4a7eb8ced66bb08e9a5489baad902516de39b0a2aaa
8. 调用contract的方法 , 参考: https://docs.infura.io/infura/tutorials/ethereum/call-a-contract
创建文件 call.js 内容如下:
const Web3 = require('web3') const fs = require('fs') const { abi } = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('Demo.json')) async function main(){ const network = process.env.ETHEREUM_NETWORK // step1. 初始化web3 实例,增加json rpc server const web3 = new Web3( new Web3.providers.HttpProvider( `https://${network}.infura.io/v3/${process.env.INFURA_PROJECT_ID}` ) ) // step2. 创建signer const signer = web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount( process.env.SIGNER_PRIVATE_KEY) web3.eth.accounts.wallet.add(signer) // step3. 创建contract, abi是关键 const contract = new web3.eth.Contract( abi, process.env.DEMO_CONTRACT) // step4. 发起tx , 这里用到了签名 const tx = contract.methods.echo(" Hi hihihi ") const receipt = await tx .send({ from: signer.address, gas: await tx.estimateGas() }) .once("transactionHash" , (txHash) => { console.info("mining transaction...", txHash) }) console.info("mined in block: ", receipt.blockNumber) } require('dotenv').config() main()
9. 运行, 结果如下
node call.js mining transaction... 0x50b234ecd061fe5014129aa5ad3f823dc46addcb2f9450bea967e07c719b8ca9 mined in block: 7061077
我们打开对应的网址,就可以查看到内容了:
https://goerli.etherscan.io/tx/0x50b234ecd061fe5014129aa5ad3f823dc46addcb2f9450bea967e07c719b8ca9
如何调用contract的 getter(view) 方法?
const tx = await contract.methods.getNumber().call()
就可以了。
例如:
const Web3 = require('web3') const fs = require('fs') async function main(file_name_without_suffix, contract_address){ const { abi } = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file_name_without_suffix+'.json')) const network = process.env.ETHEREUM_NETWORK // step1. 初始化web3 实例,增加json rpc server const web3 = new Web3( new Web3.providers.HttpProvider( `https://${network}.infura.io/v3/${process.env.INFURA_PROJECT_ID}` ) ) // step2. 创建signer const signer = web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount( process.env.SIGNER_PRIVATE_KEY) web3.eth.accounts.wallet.add(signer) // step3. 创建contract, abi是关键 const contract = new web3.eth.Contract( abi, contract_address) const result = await contract.methods.getNumber().call() console.info("== result: ", result) } require('dotenv').config() console.info("== 使用方式: $ node call.js TestContract 0xa1b2..z9 (该TestContract.json 和 必须存在)") main(process.argv[2], process.argv[3]).then( () => process.exit(0) )
运行方式: node call_getter_setter.js TestGetterSetter 0x8c76df0d7d98f93afc88ba871314582e25d58b42
TestGetterSetter.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0 pragma solidity >= 0.7.0 < 0.9.0; contract TestGetterSetter { uint256 number; function setNumber(uint256 num) public { number = num; } function getNumber() public view returns (uint256) { return number; } }
调用 contract 的pure方法 (跟 view方法一模一样,都是 .method().call() )
先弄一个 pure function ,例如:
cat TestPure.sol // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0 pragma solidity >= 0.7.0 < 0.9.0; contract TestPure { function doSum(uint a, uint b) public pure returns(uint){ return a + b ; } }
然后部署,调用:
$ cat call_pure_function.js const Web3 = require('web3') const fs = require('fs') async function main(file_name_without_suffix, contract_address){ const { abi } = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file_name_without_suffix+'.json')) const network = process.env.ETHEREUM_NETWORK // step1. 初始化web3 实例,增加json rpc server const web3 = new Web3( new Web3.providers.HttpProvider( `https://${network}.infura.io/v3/${process.env.INFURA_PROJECT_ID}` ) ) // step2. 创建signer const signer = web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount( process.env.SIGNER_PRIVATE_KEY) web3.eth.accounts.wallet.add(signer) // step3. 创建contract, abi是关键 const contract = new web3.eth.Contract( abi, contract_address) const tx = await contract.methods.doSum(300,4234234).call() console.info("== tx: ", tx) } require('dotenv').config() console.info("== 使用方式: $ node call.js TestContract 0xa1b2..z9 (该TestContract.json 和 必须存在)") main(process.argv[2], process.argv[3]).then( () => process.exit(0) )
event log 是啥?
如何验证Contract?
跟传统的etherscan.io上的验证一样, 点击contract url ,然后点击 contract 标签,verify的页面,
根据提示来就好了
需要注意的是:
1. solcjs --version 就可以知道自己的编译器的版本 一般都是不优化
2. 输入对应的源代码(或者json )
3. 选择对应的协议(一般是GPL 3,看你的源代码)